How to Create MUN Procedures

 Model United Nations (MUN) is more than dramatic speeches and polite disagreements — it’s a structured simulation of real-world diplomacy. A clear, fair procedure is the backbone of every successful MUN committee. This blog explains how to design MUN procedures that keep debate productive, encourage participation, and reflect authentic United Nations practice — all in a way students can follow.

Start with the committee’s purpose and level

First, decide the committee type and experience level. General Assembly (GA) committees use broader, more formal procedures than crisis or specialized committees. Beginner-level MUNs should simplify rules; advanced conferences can incorporate complex motions, moderated caucuses with strict timekeeping, and advanced voting procedures. The committee’s purpose (e.g., human rights, security council, crisis) will also determine how dynamic the process should be.

Create a clear agenda-setting process

A good MUN procedure begins with a transparent method for setting the agenda. Options include:

• Pre-set single agenda (easiest for beginners).

• Two- or three-topic agenda with formal voting to choose the order.

• Open agenda where delegates propose topics during opening sessions.

If you allow multiple agenda items, include a simple voting mechanism (show of placards or roll-call) and a tie-break rule (e.g., the dais chair breaks ties).

Define speaking formats and the flow of debate

Establish two main modes: formal debate and caucusing.

Formal debate

• Start with an opening speaker list (first-speaker list) compiled from delegates who wish to speak.

• Standard speaking times (e.g., 60–90 seconds for moderated comments, 1–3 minutes for formal speeches).

• Points that interrupt (Point of Order, Point of Personal Privilege, Right of Reply) should be explicitly defined and limited to essential uses.

Caucus (informal debate)

• Unmoderated caucus: delegates freely discuss and draft position papers/resolutions. Define maximum time (e.g., 10–30 minutes) and limits on re-requesting the same caucus.

• Moderated caucus: the dais calls on speakers on a specific subtopic with short speaking times (30–60 seconds). Specify total caucus length and sub-topic time allocation.

Define motions, points, and their precedence

List all allowed points and motions, with brief explanations and typical use:

• Points: Point of Order, Point of Personal Privilege, Point of Parliamentary Inquiry, Point of Information to the Chair, Right of Reply.

• Motions: Motion to Open/Close Debate, Motion for a Moderated/Unmoderated Caucus, Motion to Set the Agenda, Motion to Adjourn Debate, Motion to Table/Un-Table.

Order of precedence matters. For example, points interrupt; motions require majority consent or two-thirds depending on gravity (adjournment often needs simple majority, closure of debate may require two-thirds). Specify voting thresholds clearly.

Drafting and submitting working papers and draft resolutions

Establish a step-by-step process for producing written outcomes:

1. Working papers: informal drafts circulated to the dais, not yet formatted as resolutions.

2. Draft resolutions: require sponsorship (e.g., at least 3 sponsors) and signatories (optional number).

3. Submission deadline and format: indicate font, spacing, and clause structure (preambulatory and operative clauses).

4. Dais reviews: allow the dais to check grammar/formatting but not content editing.

Also specify whether friendly amendments (when all sponsors agree) can be incorporated without voting, and the process for unfriendly amendments (requires motion and vote).

Voting procedure

Choose whether to follow simple majority rules or UN-style roll call for important votes. Common elements:

• Voting method: placard, roll call, or electronic (if available).

• Distinguish between procedural and substantive votes: procedural votes usually need a simple majority and are not vetoable (for Security Council simulations, permanent members may have veto power on substantive votes only).

• Abstentions: explain how abstentions count (do they count toward the quorum? do they count in majorities?).

• Division of the question: allow delegates to vote on operative clauses separately if requested and approved.

Ensure fairness with dais and chair guidelines

Write clear expectations for the dais: impartiality, timekeeping, enforcing rules, and assisting with resolution formatting. Provide escalation steps for disputes: first correction by chair, then appeal to the dais, and if needed, a motion to appeal the ruling.

Add practical rules and logistics

Include:

• Quorum rules (minimum number of present delegates to conduct business).

• Timekeeping procedures (who holds the timer, how warnings are given).

• Rules on decorum (dress code, language, mobile phone usage).

• Consequences for violations (warnings, removal from the committee as a last resort).

Test and iterate

Before the conference, run a mock session with volunteers to see whether timings, motion thresholds, and amendment processes work. Collect feedback and refine the rules. Clear, tested procedures produce smoother sessions and happier delegates.

Final tips for chairs and organizers

• Keep the rules accessible: publish a concise Rules of Procedure (1–2 pages) plus a detailed manual for the dais.

• Train the dais thoroughly and have cheat-sheets for common scenarios.

• Encourage inclusivity: allow new delegates simplified options (shorter speaking time, mentor pairings).

• Balance realism with fun: aim for authenticity, but avoid rules so complex they discourage participation.

Conclusion

Creating strong MUN procedures is about balancing authenticity, clarity, and practicality. A well-designed procedure empowers delegates to debate substantively, draft meaningful resolutions, and learn real diplomatic skills. Start with the committee’s purpose, define speaking and voting rules clearly, build a straightforward drafting and amendment process, and always test before you host. With clear rules and fair chairs, your MUN will run like a well-oiled assembly — spirited, constructive, and memorable.

Empowering the Future

 Education is a fundamental right that belongs to each and every person, and it plays a critical role in the growth of both the individual and society.

Empowering the Future

Mental Health Day Campaign 2025

Every year, the world comes together to recognize the importance of mental well-being on World Mental Health Day, observed on October 10. In 2025, the Mental Health Day Campaign takes on even greater significance as communities, governments, schools, workplaces, and healthcare systems unite under a common goal: to prioritize mental health as a universal human right. With rising stress, anxiety, and burnout affecting millions across the globe, this campaign provides a timely reminder that mental health is not a luxury, but a necessity for every individual.

Why Mental Health Matters in 2025

Mental health challenges have become increasingly visible in recent years, especially after the global pandemic and the rapid transformation of work, education, and social interactions. Anxiety, depression, loneliness, and stress-related disorders are at record levels, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds.

In 2025, experts emphasize that mental health is deeply interconnected with physical health, productivity, education, and community well-being. A society that invests in mental wellness fosters stronger relationships, better learning outcomes for students, and greater innovation in the workplace. The Mental Health Day Campaign 2025 seeks to remind people that seeking help, offering support, and practicing self-care are all vital steps toward creating healthier and happier communities.

Theme of the 2025 Campaign

The global theme for Mental Health Day 2025 focuses on “Mental Health as a Fundamental Right for All.” This theme reflects the growing demand to break down barriers that prevent people from accessing proper mental health care. Many still face stigma, discrimination, and lack of resources when it comes to seeking help. The campaign highlights that every person—regardless of age, gender, or background—deserves equal access to mental health resources, understanding, and support.

This year’s theme also calls attention to the importance of inclusivity. Whether in rural areas with limited healthcare facilities, urban workplaces filled with high stress, or schools struggling to address student well-being, the campaign emphasizes that mental health must be integrated into every aspect of society.

Mental health Day

 Mental health warrants critical priority and attention, particularly for children and young adults who are managing school and new obligations. To mark World Mental Health Day (10th October)

Mental health Day

How to Prepare for Speech at High School MUN Conferences

 It is extremely important for MUN delegates to have strong communication skills when they are called upon to deliver formal speeches or give presentations on papers.

How to Prepare for Speech at High School MUN Conferences

Explain Sustainable Development Goals

The culmination of the MDGs in 2015 brought about an urgent need to tackle global problems like poverty, environmental degradation, the climate crisis, inequality, and others. Thus are born the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), collective global goals for a sustainable future.

Sustainable Development Goals Building a Better Future

 In 2015, world leaders came together under the United Nations to set an ambitious global agenda—one that would transform the world for the better by 2030. This vision took shape as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a collection of 17 interconnected goals designed to address the most pressing social, economic, and environmental challenges. From eradicating poverty to combating climate change, the SDGs aim to create a world where prosperity and well-being go hand in hand with sustainability and equity.

What Are the Sustainable Development Goals?

The SDGs, also known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action. They emphasize that development should not come at the cost of people or the planet. Unlike previous global initiatives, the SDGs are holistic—recognizing that poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, and peace are deeply interlinked issues. Each of the 17 goals comes with specific targets (169 in total) and indicators to measure progress, making them actionable and trackable.

The goals cover areas such as:

• No Poverty (Goal 1): Ending extreme poverty everywhere.

• Zero Hunger (Goal 2): Achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture.

• Good Health and Well-being (Goal 3): Ensuring healthy lives and well-being for all.

• Quality Education (Goal 4): Inclusive and equitable education for lifelong learning.

• Gender Equality (Goal 5): Empowering women and girls everywhere.

• Climate Action (Goal 13): Combating climate change and its impacts.

Collectively, the SDGs create a blueprint for a balanced approach to global progress.

https://sdg.fairgaze.com/

Why Are the SDGs Important?

The importance of the SDGs lies in their ability to create a shared vision for humanity. In the past, development efforts often focused on single issues, such as economic growth, without considering long-term sustainability or inclusivity. This often led to progress in one area but harm in another. For example, rapid industrialization might reduce poverty but increase pollution.

The SDGs are designed to avoid such trade-offs. They highlight that the fight against poverty is inseparable from the fight against climate change, that economic growth must be inclusive, and that peace is essential for sustainable societies. In essence, they provide a roadmap for balance—ensuring that growth benefits people today without compromising resources for future generations.

Progress So Far

Since 2015, significant progress has been made in certain areas:

• Extreme poverty rates have declined in many parts of the world.

• Access to clean water and sanitation has improved.

• Renewable energy has grown rapidly, making clean energy more accessible.

However, challenges remain. The COVID-19 pandemic set back progress on many goals, particularly those related to health, education, and inequality. Climate change continues to pose urgent threats, with rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss impacting millions globally. The world still faces a long road ahead to meet all targets by 2030.

World Mental Health Day 2025: Access to Services in Catastrophes and Emergencies

 Every year on October 10th, people across the globe come together to observe World Mental Health Day. Established in 1992 by the World Federation for Mental Health, this day has grown into a global movement that raises awareness, reduces stigma, and promotes positive change for mental health. The theme for World Mental Health Day 2025 is “Access to Services – Mental Health in Catastrophes and Emergencies.”

This year’s focus highlights a critical issue: ensuring that mental health services remain accessible during times of disaster, conflict, and crisis. In a world increasingly affected by climate change, pandemics, wars, and natural disasters, the importance of psychological support is greater than ever.

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Why Mental Health in Emergencies Matters

When catastrophe strikes—whether it’s a flood, earthquake, armed conflict, or global health crisis—the immediate concern is often physical safety, food, water, and shelter. But alongside these urgent needs lies an invisible struggle: the mental and emotional toll of such events.

Emergencies can lead to:

• Severe stress and anxiety due to uncertainty and loss.

• Trauma and grief from displacement, injury, or bereavement.

• Breakdown of support systems as families and communities are separated.

• Increased risk of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

For children, the elderly, and marginalized communities, the effects are even more pronounced. Without timely mental health support, the scars of these experiences can last a lifetime.

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The Theme of 2025: Access to Services

The 2025 theme emphasizes accessibility. During catastrophes, health systems are often overwhelmed or disrupted, making it difficult for people to receive the care they need. Mental health services are usually the first to be neglected.

Access means more than just availability—it also involves:

• Affordability: Ensuring services are free or low-cost during crises.

• Physical Reach: Mobile clinics, community centers, and telehealth services to reach displaced populations.

• Cultural Sensitivity: Providing care in ways that respect local traditions and languages.

• Inclusivity: Ensuring vulnerable groups—such as refugees, women, children, and people with disabilities—are not left behind.

By making mental health services part of emergency response plans, governments and organizations can save lives and build resilience.

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Lessons from Recent Catastrophes

1. COVID-19 Pandemic: The global health crisis revealed how isolation, fear, and uncertainty can lead to a surge in anxiety, depression, and burnout. Telehealth emerged as a vital tool to bridge service gaps.

2. Natural Disasters: Floods in Asia, wildfires in Europe and the Americas, and earthquakes in various regions have shown how survivors need not just physical aid but also trauma counseling.

3. Conflict Zones: In areas affected by war, mental health services are scarce, yet the psychological impact on displaced families, especially children, is profound.

These examples reinforce the urgency of integrating mental health into all emergency relief efforts.

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Building Resilient Support Systems

To honor the theme of 2025, individuals, organizations, and governments can take several steps:

• Preparedness: Training first responders, teachers, and community leaders in basic psychological first aid.

• Integration: Making mental health services a standard part of disaster relief alongside food and medical aid.

• Technology: Expanding the use of telemedicine, hotlines, and mobile apps to deliver support during emergencies.

• Community Engagement: Empowering local communities to create peer-support groups and safe spaces for dialogue.

• Policy and Funding: Governments must allocate resources specifically for mental health in emergency budgets.

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What Individuals Can Do

Even though large-scale change requires systemic effort, individuals can also contribute:

• Check in on others: Offer emotional support to friends, family, or neighbors going through crisis.

• Volunteer: Join local organizations that provide relief or counseling.

• Educate yourself: Learn about signs of trauma and stress so you can recognize when someone needs help.

• Advocate: Use social media and community platforms to spread awareness about the importance of mental health in emergencies.

Small acts of kindness—listening, comforting, and supporting—can make a big difference in someone’s healing journey.

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Breaking the Stigma in Emergencies

One major challenge is the stigma surrounding mental health. In many societies, people hesitate to seek help due to fear of judgment. Emergencies worsen this problem, as survival needs take priority and emotional struggles are often dismissed.

By openly acknowledging the psychological effects of catastrophes, we validate the experiences of survivors. Campaigns like World Mental Health Day 2025 play a vital role in breaking these barriers, reminding people that mental health care is not a luxury but a necessity—even more so in times of crisis.

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Looking Forward

The future demands that mental health be seen as a central part of humanitarian aid. International organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and NGOs worldwide are increasingly emphasizing this need. However, continued advocacy, investment, and action are essential.

A resilient society is not just one that rebuilds roads and homes after disasters—it’s one that also heals the minds and hearts of its people.

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Importance Of Basic Mathematics Skills

 Concentrating on anything amounts as far as anyone is concerned and makes you mindful of your environmental factors.

Importance Of Basic Mathematics Skills

 The moment we no longer have a free press, anything can happen. What makes it possible for a totalitarian or any other dictatorship to rule is that people are not informed.” 

Social Media is the Fourth Pillar of Democracy

Is Photography a Good Career Option?

 First and Foremost, photography allows for self-expression. It empowers photographers to exhibit their unique perspectives and unleash their creativity through their work.

Is Photography a Good Career Option

Data Analytics Adopted by High School Sports Teams

 The analysis of large sets of data has become one of the most influential trends in the field of professional sports during the last years, changing the approach to planning, preparation, and performance of athletic teams

Data Analytics Adopted by High School Sports Teams

Career Counselling for Students A Pathway to a Brighter Future

 Choosing a career is one of the most important decisions a student will ever make. It is not just about selecting a job but shaping an entire future. In today’s fast-changing world, where industries are evolving at lightning speed, students often feel overwhelmed by the endless possibilities. This is where career counselling comes in—a guiding light that helps students discover their strengths, understand opportunities, and make informed decisions.

Why is Career Counselling Important for Students?

Many students face pressure from parents, peers, or society when choosing their career paths. Some pick a stream in school without clarity about where it will lead. Others are unsure of what subjects they enjoy or what careers align with their talents. This confusion can lead to frustration, wasted years, or even an unsatisfying career.

Career counselling helps students by:

• Identifying Strengths and Weaknesses: Through tests and discussions, students learn about their skills, interests, and personality.

• Exploring Career Options: Counsellors expose students to career opportunities they may not even know exist.

• Making Informed Decisions: Instead of guessing, students make choices backed by facts and professional guidance.

• Reducing Stress and Pressure: With clarity comes confidence. Students feel less burdened when they have a clear plan.

The Role of a Career Counsellor

A career counsellor is like a mentor who listens, guides, and supports students. Their role includes:

1. Assessments: Using aptitude tests, personality tests, and interest inventories to identify natural abilities.

2. Counselling Sessions: Having one-on-one conversations to understand the student’s goals and challenges.

3. Information Sharing: Explaining career paths, job roles, required qualifications, and future prospects.

4. Skill Development Guidance: Suggesting courses, extracurricular activities, or certifications to strengthen profiles.

5. Decision-Making Support: Helping students weigh pros and cons of different options before making a choice.

Key Stages Where Career Counselling Helps

1. After Class 10

This is a crucial stage where students must choose a stream—Science, Commerce, or Arts. The choice often sets the foundation for future careers. Career counselling helps students align their stream with their interests and future goals. For example, a student interested in technology may go for Science with Math, while someone with a flair for communication might choose Arts or Commerce.

2. After Class 12

At this point, students must decide on their undergraduate program. Should they pursue engineering, medicine, law, design, management, or any other field? Career counselling provides insights into job prospects, required entrance exams, and the suitability of a course.

3. During College

Even in college, students often feel confused about specialization, higher studies, or job opportunities. A counsellor can help them explore postgraduate options, internships, or competitive exams.

4. Before Entering the Job Market

Fresh graduates may feel anxious about choosing between multiple job offers, startups, or government jobs. Counselling sessions at this stage can help students select careers that match their skills and long-term aspirations.

Benefits of Career Counselling for Students

1. Clarity of Goals
   Students get a clear roadmap of their academic and career journey. Instead of feeling lost, they move forward with confidence.

2. Exposure to New Careers
   Many students only know about traditional careers like engineering, medicine, or teaching. Counsellors introduce them to emerging fields like data science, AI, digital marketing, environmental science, fashion design, and more.

3. Better Academic Performance
   When students choose subjects that interest them, they naturally perform better in studies.

4. Time and Cost Saving
   Choosing the right career early helps avoid switching courses or wasting years on unsuitable programs.

5. Building Confidence
   A well-guided student is more confident in interviews, entrance exams, and future career challenges.

Common Myths About Career Counselling

• “Only weak students need counselling.”
  This is not true. Even bright students may feel confused about their career paths. Counselling benefits everyone.

• “Parents or relatives can guide better than professionals.”
  Parents and relatives may give advice based on their experience, but a professional counsellor uses scientific tools and up-to-date information.

• “Counselling fixes everything in one session.”
  Career counselling is a process. It may take multiple sessions for a student to fully discover their path.

How Students Can Prepare for Career Counselling

• Be Honest: Share your true interests, fears, and expectations.

• Ask Questions: Clarify doubts about careers, colleges, or courses.

• Explore Options: Be open-minded about new career choices.

• Follow Up: Act on the guidance provided and keep updating your counsellor.

The Future of Career Counselling in India

With increasing competition and countless new careers emerging, career counselling is becoming essential in schools and colleges. More institutions are hiring counsellors, and online platforms are making counselling accessible to students across the country. Artificial intelligence is also being used to create personalized career guidance programs.

Conclusion

Career counselling is not about forcing a student into a particular career but about helping them discover themselves and their potential. A well-guided student is not only more successful in their career but also happier in life.

Every student deserves the right guidance at the right time. Whether it is choosing a stream after Class 10, deciding on a college course, or planning a career after graduation, career counselling ensures students are not walking blindly but moving towards a bright, fulfilling future.

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